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Tuesday, 25 February 2014

Powder Metallurgy

Powder  metallurgy technique is used to mix the material which does not form alloy.
Powder Metallurgy is a manufacturing method to produce components by bringing a powder of the starting material into desired end shape.
Material used may be metal, ceramic or a polymer and the essential feature is that the bond between particles is produced without total melting.


Process

Particles of desired composition are produced and brought to the desired shape. They were also blended (if several constituents are used) to ensure even distribution.
Particles are then compacted to bring them into close proximation while imparting the desired part configuration.
The compacts are then sintered to establish permanent, strong bonds between adjacent particles. The sintered components may be subjected to finishing processes.
Steps Involved
Particles of desired size are produced.
Blend particles to ensure even distribution.
Compact particles to impart desired shape.
Sinter parts to create strong, permanent bonds between particles.
Finishing operations.

Basics of email
The abbreviation Re: means that what follows is “about that subject.” It’s used for reply only. If someone sends you an email titled Interesting proposal, when you write back you can use the title Re: Interesting proposal. Never use Re: for a first email contact. Most email programs will add the Re: automatically when you use the “reply” function.

Remember not to use your own name or the name of your recipient as your subject title.

Examples of good email titles: -A business proposal
                                               Would like to schedule an appointment
                                               Application for arts grant

Monday, 24 February 2014

Internal Gear Pump Overview

Internal gear pumps are exceptionally versatile. While they are often used on thin liquids such as solvents and fuel oil, they excel at efficiently pumping thick liquids such as asphalt, chocolate, and adhesives. The useful viscosity range of an internal gear pump is from 1cPs to over 1,000,000cP.
In addition to their wide viscosity range, the pump has a wide temperature range as well, handling liquids up to 750°F / 400°C. This is due to the single point of end clearance (the distance between the ends of the rotor gear teeth and the head of the pump). This clearance is adjustable to accommodate high temperature, maximize efficiency for handling high viscosity liquids, and to accommodate for wear.
The internal gear pump is non-pulsing, self-priming, and can run dry for short periods. They're also bi-rotational, meaning that the same pump can be used to load and unload vessels. Because internal gear pumps have only two moving parts, they are reliable, simple to operate, and easy to maintain.
Working of Internal Gear


1. Liquid enters the suction pump between the rotor (large exterior gear) and idler (small interior gearteeth. The arrows indicate the direction of the pump and liquid. 2. Liquid travels through the pump
between the teeth of the "gear-within-a-gear" principle. The crescent shape divides the liquid and acts as a seal between the suction and discharge ports.
3. The pump head is now nearly flooded, just prior to forcing the liquid out of the discharge port. Intermeshing gears of the idler and rotor form locked pockets for the liquid which assures volume control.
4. Rotor and idler teeth mesh completely to form a seal equidistant from the discharge and suction ports. This seal forces the liquid out of the discharge port.

Applications
Common internal gear pump applications include, but are not limited to:
• All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil
• Resins and Polymers
• Alcohols and solvents
• Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar
• Polyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol)
• Food products such as corn syrup, chocolate, and peanut butter
• Paint, inks, and pigments
• Soaps and surfactants
• Glycol

External Gear Pump Overview
External gear pumps are a popular pumping principle and are often used as lubrication pumps in machine tools, in fluid power transfer units, and as oil pumps in engines.

External gear pumps can come in single or double (two sets of gears) pump configurations with spur (shown), helical, and herringbone gears. Helical and herringbone gears typically offer a smoother flow than spur gears, although all gear types are relatively smooth. Large-capacity external gear pumps typically use helical or herringbone gears. Small external gear pumps usually operate at 1750 or 3450 rpm and larger models operate at speeds up to 640 rpm. External gear pumps have close tolerances and shaft support on both sides of the gears. This allows them to run to pressures beyond 3,000 PSI / 200 BAR, making them well suited for use in hydraulics. With four bearings in the liquid and tight tolerances, they are not well suited to handling abrasive or extreme high temperature applications.
Tighter internal clearances provide for a more reliable measure of liquid passing through a pump and for greater flow control. Because of this, external gear pumps are popular for precise transfer and metering applications involving polymers, fuels, and chemical additives.
 External Gear Pumps Working


External gear pumps are similar in pumping action to internal gear pumps in that two gears come into and out of mesh to produce flow. However, the external gear pump uses two identical gears rotating against each other -- one gear is driven by a motor and it in turn drives the other gear. Each gear is supported by a shaft with bearings on both sides of the gear.
1. As the gears come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet side of the pump. Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the gear teeth as they rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the teeth and the casing -- it does not pass between the gears.
3. Finally, the meshing of the gears forces liquid through the outlet port under
pressure.
Because the gears are supported on both sides, external gear pumps are quietrunning
and are routinely used for high-pressure applications such as hydraulic
applications. With no overhung bearing loads, the rotor shaft can't deflect and cause
premature wear.
Advantages
• High speed
• High pressure
• No overhung bearing loads
• Relatively quiet operation
• Design accommodates wide
variety of materials
Disadvantages
• Four bushings in liquid area
• No solids allowed
• Fixed End Clearances
Applications

Common external gear pump applications include, but are not limited to:
• Various fuel oils and lube oils
• Chemical additive and polymer metering
• Chemical mixing and blending (double pump)
• Industrial and mobile hydraulic applications (log splitters, lifts, etc.)
• Acids and caustic (stainless steel or composite construction)
• Low volume transfer or application

Sunday, 23 February 2014



Best Place to Find Great Topics  When Blogging


Do you remember the last time you wrote anything like letter, article as a assignment or even a post in your blog?  Of Course not that's why you are here reading this article to know what exactly  you should write about. Very often we feel the necessity of writing something just for the sake of getting at least something out there – but don’t actually have anything in mind.So try brainstorming interesting ideas . 
No matter what you are going to be writing about, it’s important that the end-user finds value in it. The presentation of the information is equally important as many internet sites present already existing generic information in a very interesting manner to create interest among people and these sites are doing pretty well.So remember your matter, its value, relevance with respect to present scenario and presentation, everything must be focused well.
Below is the list of some fun and creative ways for you to come up with excellent ideas and  content.

Blog Lists

 List posts is a useful to find a topic. People love making lists of stuff they enjoy writing about, and there is a good chance your blog readers will enjoy these list posts as well.
The great thing about lists is that they can be applied to any niche and people love to reach through them as most are short and loaded with pictures for easy viewing.

How-To Posts

 How-to topics are hot and also doing good in blogging. People loves instructions that comprises of simple steps and can be quickly done. Choose any such topic like “how to make chicken in an oven” or “how to set  up a small business”.Google some questions to see what shows up, then try to answer them. While writing your post try to focus on quality, provide the best,clear and easily understandable  solution so people will like and share your content. Try to make it more informative in a unique way and also create some humor and interesting facts.Pictures will do much of your work and will help end users to understand things easily.

Reviews & Recommendations 

 Blog reviews and recommendations are  useful in almost every niche. Write reviews on  anything products,recipes , current affairs, technology, restaurants and spas, hotel chains, movies, books,  mobiles technology and gadgets. If you have actually tried the product/service then go for that as it would help you to express your views in a better way. If you are targeting any  specific product or industry, reviewing products will help you to generate more sales .Huge consumers are now a days looking for reviews online before making a purchase like in mobiles. Now a days even movie reviews are becoming popular as consumer after reading newspaper and seeing the rating of movies on sites like http://www.imdb.com go for any movie.

World Events

Current events are evergreen topics. People  want to be updated on what is happening around them. Don't write about world news. See  the hot topics in the  world news right now going on and then give a shot at it. Twitter Search is a great to keep oneself updated about the present scenario of world. Infact it is a very strong tool to express yourself in few words/lines and get connected with the world

Blogging Tips

If you have a “blogging” or “WordPress” blog, then your personal advice and tips can go a long way. Thousands of new people start a blog everyday, which means there is still a great demand for blogging resources and tutorials, even at the most basic levels. Every blogger wants to be a bigger and better blogger, and millions of searches are performed in this niche alone everyday.
Other top authority blogs are writing about what should be a matter of concern if you want to do well in this field. You can go on creating new content around what they are talking about but don't copy them. Novelty is respected everywhere. It will definitely increase engagement and comments on your blog.
Link roundup is another  technique many bloggers are using. To do this, write a post including a list of links to other blog posts publishing great posts or to those websites that you like. This is also a great way to get other sites to link back to yours and share your link roundups as well.  Explain why you find the site useful, and what value it could bring to your users.
 Interview some famous person or an expert in your blog’s niche weekly or monthly.

Google Trends

You should be aware of what people are searching for and here comes google trends in picture. This could be anything from world events, social media, sports, technology and entertainment news and much more list is too long. Google created Google Trends to allow anyone to see  the hot topics on the internet search right now. Here is the link http://www.google.com/trends

When it comes to writing blog content, you are writing to engage with your audience and not just push something new out there.  Pushing out uninspired, poorly written articles because you “have” to reflects poorly on your blog and can affect your rankings. The best articles are web content that people find value in and then share with their friends, social networks or even write about on their own sites. If you don’t find value in your own content, why would someone else?